Database or Archive Source (do not use this example for works obtained from academic research databases/platforms; instead, cite the source content)
Notes:
Use these examples and "provide name of the database or archive when it publishes original, proprietary works available only in that database" (APA Manual, Section 9.30). Also italicize the name of the database.
In the following examples, the information in an entry is "inherently designed to change ... or reflect information that changes over time... Provide a retrieval date in the source element" (APA Manual, section 9.16). As such, the date of retrieval must be included in the reference.
According to the APA Manual, treat "UpToDate articles like periodical articles.
UpToDate entry of a disease/condition/topic. Include date of retrieval because content is designed to change & versions of the page are not archived.
Caughey, A. B. (2023). Gestational diabetes mellitus: Obstetric issues and management. UpToDate. Retrieved April 8, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/gestational-diabetes-mellitus-obstetric-issues-and-management
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Caughey, 2023)
Narrative: Caughey (2023)
Direct quote: (Caughey, 2023, Consequences of GDM section, para. 1)
UpToDate entry of drug information. Note that when UpToDate Lexidrug is listed at the beginning of the entry, use that name as the author. Include date of retrieval because content is designed to change & versions of the page are not archived.
UpToDate Lexidrug. (2024). Erythromycin (ophthalmic): Drug information. UpToDate. Retrieved April 9, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/erythromycin-ophthalmic-drug-information
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (UpToDate Lexidrug, 2024)
Narrative: UpToDate Lexidrug (2024)
Direct quote: (UpToDate Lexidrug, 2024, Contraindications section, para. 1)
UpToDate Drug Interactions entry. Note that when there is no individual as author, use organization name. Also note that specific drug interaction entries do not have unique urls, so include the general one to access. Include date of retrieval because content is designed to change & versions of the page are not archived.
UpToDate. (2024). Eliquis: Drug interactions. UpToDate. Retrieved April 9, 2024, from https://www.uptodate.com/drug-interactions/#di-analyze
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (UpToDate, 2024)
Narrative: UpToDate (2024)
Direct quote: (UpToDate, 2024, Anticoagulants / Apixaban section, para. 3)
DailyMed entry of drug information. Authoritative database maintained by the National Library of Medicine. Note that since content is archived and not constantly revised like UpToDate, date of retrieval is not included.
National Library of Medicine. (2021, December 15). Tucks medicated cooling pads-witch hazel solution. DailyMed. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=b3e68008-3d0d-4124-9579-b503e9fb95c9
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (National Library of Medicine, 2021)
Narrative: National Library of Medicine (2021)
Direct quote: (National Library of Medicine, 2021, Uses section, para. 1)
Entry in PubChem example, as all information in each entry only appears together in this source.
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2022). Compound summary for CID 980, 4-nitrophenol. PubChem. Retrieved January 10, 2022, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4-Nitrophenol
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2022)
Narrative: National Center for Biotechnology Information (2022)
Direct quote: (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2022, Physical Description section, para. 1)
Software & calculators (do not use this example for common software programs such as word processing or spreadsheet, or common to the discipline; instead, cite in-text). See APA Manual, Section 10.10.
Example for American Board of Internal Medicine Laboratory Test Reference Ranges. Note: Reference this using the APA style for a report without a report number.
American Board of Internal Medicine. (2024). ABIM laboratory test reference ranges - January 2024. https://www.abim.org/Media/bfijryql/laboratory-reference-ranges.pdf
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (American Board of Internal Medicine, 2024)
Narrative: American Board of Internal Medicine (2024)
Direct quote: (American Board of Internal Medicine, 2024, Uric Acid, Serum section)
Example for BiliTool used for assessing risk of hyperbilirubinemia ("jaundice") in newborns. Notes: Since this tool calculates values based upon inputs, insert [Calculator] form following the version number at the end of the title sentence. Name of software/tool is a proper name & hence capitalized. It is also important to include version number.
BiliTool. (2024). BiliTool (Version 2.3) [Calculator]. https://bilitool.org
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (BiliTool, 2024)
Narrative: BiliTool (2024)
Direct quote: (BiliTool, 2024, Recommendations section)
Example for EMR system used in hospitals & clinics. Notes: Name of software is a proper name & hence capitalized. It is also important to include version number if available.
Cerner. (2022). Cerner Powerchart database (Version 2022) [Computer software]. https://www.oracle.com/health/
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Cerner, 2022)
Narrative: Cerner (2022)
Direct quote: (Cerner, 2022, Medications section, Screen 2)
Example for EMR system used in hospitals & clinics. Notes: Name of software is a proper name & hence capitalized. It is also important to include version number.
GE Healthcare. (2022). Centricity Prenatal EMR database (Version 69000001) [Computer software]. https://www.gehealthcare.com/products/centricity-services
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (GE Healthcare, 2022)
Narrative: GE Healthcare (2022)
Direct quote: (GE Healthcare, 2022, Medications section, Screen 2)