For one article:
Have a list of references? Copy & paste them here:
Go to Simple Text Query Form and copy & paste entire reference list into box. Click submit.
An individual DOI may be verified/searched:
Resolve a DOI name
Double-checks:
* Please verify DOI format with journal author guidelines before submission.
* APA 7th ed. Section 9.25: Include the issue number for all periodicals which have issue numbers.
* Some publishers do not use issue numbers.
* Some online-only journals use publication year as volume number. For those references, provide year in both publication date, and volume number positions.
* When a DOI is assigned, it does not matter whether article was retrieved online or print version.
Journal Article
Wilens, T. E., & Biederman, J. (2006). Alcohol, drugs, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A model for the study of addictions in youth. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 20(4), 580-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881105058776
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Wilens & Biederman, 2006)
Narrative: Wilens and Biederman (2006)
Direct quote: (Wilens & Biederman, 2006, p. 581)
Journal Article with 3 through 20 authors. List all authors (note 7th ed. change for in-text citations)
Weich, C., Jensen, R. L., & Vieten, M. (2019). Triathlon transition study: Quantifying differences in running movement pattern and precision after bike-run transition. Sports Biomechanics, 18(2), 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2017.1391324
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Weich et al., 2019)
Narrative: Weich et al. (2019)
Direct quote: (Weich et al., 2019, p. 216)
Journal Article, 21 or more authors (list first 19, ellipse, last author)
Janda, M., Gebski, V., Davies, L. C., Forder, P., Brand, A., Hogg, R., Jobling, T., Land, R., Manolitsas, T., Nascimento, M., Neesham, D., Nicklin, J. L., Oehler, M. K., Otton, G., Perrin, L., Salfinger, S., Hammond, I., Leung, Y., Sykes, P., ... Obermair, A. (2017). Effect of total laparoscopic hysterectomy vs total abdominal hysterectomy on disease-free survival among women with stage I endometrial cancer: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 317(12), 1224–1233. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2017.2068
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Janda et al., 2017)
Narrative: Janda et al. (2017)
Direct quote: (Janda et al., 2017, p. 1224)
Journal Article which provides an article number or eLocator in place of page numbers. Note: For these types of articles, 7th ed. no longer provides page numbers from PDF in reference. Instead, APA prefaces the pagination section with (capitalized): Article
followed by the value.
Some (but not all) publishers prefix the article number/eLocator with a lower-case letter "e".
This example is a journal using eLocator and issue number.
Monroy, C., Shafto, C., Castellanos, I., Bergeson, T., & Houston, D. (2019). Visual habituation in deaf and hearing infants. PLoS ONE, 14(2), Article e0209265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209265
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Monroy et al., 2019)
Narrative: Monroy et al. (2019)
Direct quote: (Monroy et al., 2019, p. 4)
Journal Article published by BMC or others which provides an article number or eLocator in place of page numbers, and no issue number was provided. Note: For these types of articles, 7th ed. no longer provides page numbers from PDF in reference, but does include such for direct quotation. Instead, APA prefaces the pagination section with (capitalized): Article
followed by the value.
This example is a journal using an Article number, but does not use an issue number.
Norris, E., Shelton, N., Dunsmuir, S., Duke-Williams, O., & Stamatakis, E. (2015). Virtual field trips as physically active lessons for children: A pilot study. BMC Public Health, 15, Article 366. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1706-5
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Norris et al., 2015)
Narrative: Norris et al. (2015)
Direct quote: (Norris et al., 2015, p. 6)
JoVE journal article which provides an article number or eLocator in place of page numbers, and issue number but no volume number.
Note: For these types of articles, 7th ed. no longer provides page numbers from PDF in reference, but does include such for in-text citation of direct quotation.
APA prefaces the pagination section with (capitalized): Article
followed by the value.
This example is a journal using eLocator and issue number, but not a volume number.
Sawatani, F., Tamatsu, Y., Ide, K., Azechi, H., & Takahashi, S. (2022). Utilizing a reconfigurable maze system to enhance the reproducibility of spatial navigation tests in rodents. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (190), Article e64754. https://doi.org/10.3791/64754
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Sawatani et al., 2022)
Narrative: Sawatani et al. (2022)
Direct quote: (Sawatani et al., 2022, p. 10)
Journal Article which provides an article number or eLocator in place of page numbers, and journal uses publication year for volume number.
Note: For these types of articles, 7th ed. no longer provides page numbers from PDF in reference, but does include for in-text citation of direct quotation.
APA prefaces the pagination section with (capitalized): Article
followed by the value.
No issue number was provided.
Lawrence, J. E., Patel, A. S., Rovin, R. A., Belton, R. J., Bammert, C. E., Steele, C. J., & Winn, R. J. (2014). Quantification of protoporphyrin IX accumulation in glioblastoma cells: A new technique. ISRN Surgery, 2014, Article 405360. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/405360
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Lawrence et al., 2014)
Narrative: Lawrence et al. (2014)
Direct quote: (Lawrence et al., 2014, p. 3)
Journal Article, combination of individuals and group authors
Toland, A. E., Brody, L. C., & BIC Steering Committee. (2019). Lessons learned from two decades of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic testing: The evolution of data sharing and variant classification. Genetics in Medicine, 21(7), 1476–1480. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41436-018-0370-4
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Toland, 2019)
Narrative: Toland (2019)
Direct quote: (Toland, 2019, p. 1476)
Advance online article (published online before print). Some journals may refer to this as a Pre-print or Online First article.
Kishore, T. A., Kuriakose, M. J., Pathrose, G., Raveendran, V., Kumar, K. V., & Unni, V. N. (2019). Robotic assisted kidney transplantation in grafts with multiple vessels: Single center experience. International Urology and Nephrology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-019-02305-z
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Kishore, 2019)
Narrative: Kishore (2019)
Direct quote: (Kishore, 2019, Discussion section, para. 4)
Comment on a periodical article, published online before print.
Skowronski, D. M., & De Serres, G. (2021). Polack et al. (Dec. 31) report a vaccine efficacy of 94.8% against Covid-19 after two doses of the messenger RNA [Comment on the article “Safety and efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine”]. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(11). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2036242
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Skowronski & De Serres, 2021)
Narrative: Skowronski & De Serres (2021)
Direct quote: (Skowronski & De Serres, 2021, p. 1)
Cochrane Database Report retrieved from Cochrane Library (has own format because reviews are only available in this database. Further explanation in Manual p. 297 and p. 319 ).
Garcia‐Casal, M. N., Peña‐Rosas, J. P., De‐Regil, L. M., Gwirtz, J. A., & Pasricha, S.-R. (2018). Fortification of maize flour with iron for controlling anaemia and iron deficiency in populations. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010187.pub2
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Garcia-Casal, 2018)
Narrative: Garcia-Casal (2018)
Direct quote: (Garcia-Casal, 2018, p. 3)
Journal Article without a DOI, from most academic research databases or print version
Williams, J. (2008). The victims of crime. Sociology Review, 17(4), 30-32.
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Williams, 2008)
Narrative: Williams (2008)
Direct quote: (Williams, 2008, p. 30)
Journal Article without a DOI, with a nondatabase URL (provide full URL)
Arakji, R. Y., & Lang, K. R. (2008). Avatar business value analysis: A method for the evaluation of business value creation in virtual commerce. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 9(3), 207-218. http://www.jecr.org/node/132
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Arakji & Lang, 2008)
Narrative: Arakji and Lang (2008)
Direct quote: (Arakji & Lang, 2008, p. 208)
Magazine Article, from most academic research databases or print version. Note to provide full date of publication.
Velchansky, G. (2018, July/August). Growing our advocacy potential: How the Michigan Reading Association gets its members involved and expands its literacy presence. Literacy Today, 36(1), 40–41.
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Velchansky, 2018)
Narrative: Velchansky (2018)
Direct quote: (Velchansky, 2018, p. 41)
Magazine Article, with a nondatabase URL (provide full URL).
Note to provide full date of publication.
Rizga, K. (2019, December 30). What school could be if it were designed for kids with autism. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2019/12/autism-students-classrooms-asd-nest/604027/
How to cite this work in-text. Note that article does not have section headings:
Parenthetical: (Rizga, 2019)
Narrative: Rizga (2019)
Direct quote: (Rizga, 2019, para. 3)
Webpage on a news website. Note to include full publication date.
Barrera, J. (2019, December 13). How Ottawa and a First Nations organization found common ground on fighting youth suicide. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/nishnawbe-aski-nation-choose-life-1.5392559
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Barrera, 2019)
Narrative: Barrera (2019)
Direct quote: (Barrera, 2019, Response Within 12 Hours section, para. 1)
Newspaper Article, from online newspaper site. Note to include full publication date.
Chambers, J. (2019, October 22). Pamela Good: Breaking the cycle of illiteracy. Detroit News. https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/michigan/michiganians-of-year/2019/10/22/michiganians-pamela-good-breaking-cycle-illiteracy-detroit/2167094001/
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Chambers, 2019)
Narrative: Chambers (2019)
Direct quote: (Chambers, 2019, para. 8)
Newspaper Article, from most academic research databases or print version. Note to include full publication date.
Von Drehle, D. (2000, January 15). Russians unveil new security plan. The Washington Post, A1, A21.
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Von Drehle, 2000)
Narrative: Von Drehle (2000)
Direct quote: (Von Drehle, 2000, p. A1)
Works with 1-20 authors: List all authors.
Works with 21 or more authors: List first 19, an ellipse, then the last author.
Provide issue numbers for all periodicals which use issue numbers (regardless whether continuously paginated or each issue begins with page 1).
New format for the assigned DOI
In APA 7th edition, the format of the DOI begins with either https://doi.org/xxxx
or http://doi.org/xxxx
where xxxx refers to the DOI number.
Although the format of the DOI has changed over time, for example beginning with https://dx.doi.org/ or even doi: or DOI: before the number, researchers are advised to use the APA 7th edition format standard of beginning the DOI entry as: https://doi.org/
or http://doi.org/
Please verify DOI format with journal author guidelines before submission.
APA 7th ed. Rule 9.25: Include the issue number for all periodicals which have issue numbers.
Some online-only journals use publication year as volume number. For those references, provide year in both publication date, and volume number positions.
When a DOI is assigned, it does not matter whether article was retrieved online or print version.
Remember: you are applying APA style rules to the source, not changing APA style format according to what the source indicates/suggests.
See Manual, Section 9.35, pp. 299-300 for further details.