Individual person as author, content shows publication date
(Notes: diseases/conditions are not capitalized except when part of the name is a proper noun.
When persons are authors you must include name of website host.)
Vera, M. (2023, May 1). 8 lung cancer nursing care plans. Nurseslabs. https://nurseslabs.com/lung-cancer-nursing-care-plans/
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Vera, 2023)
Narrative: Vera (2023)
Direct quote: (Vera, 2023, What is Lung Cancer? section, para. 2)
Individual person as author, content does not show a publication date. This example is for a poem on a webpage, where for a direct quote, indicate verse number(s). (Notes: When persons are authors you must include name of website host.)
Mr. R. (n.d.). Silly spider. Mathstory. https://mathstory.com/poems/adding-doubles-1-plus-1/
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Mr. R., n.d.)
Narrative: Mr. R. (n.d.)
Direct quote: (Mr. R., n.d., verses 3-4)
Group of people as authors, & shows content date. "by Mayo Clinic Staff " appears on the webpage. Note 2023 addition of website name.
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2022, April 9). Gestational diabetes: Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022)
Narrative: Mayo Clinic Staff (2022)
Direct quote with only name of section: (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022, Causes section)
Direct quote including section and paragraph number: (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2022, Causes section, para. 1)
Government Agency as author, parent agency appears on page, does not indicate content date (therefore, indicate publication date of n.d.). Include parent agency in site name position.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Healthy people 2020: Global health. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/global-health
How to cite this work in-text, assume citing work more than once, so include acronym for subsequent cite:
Parenthetical: (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d.)
Narrative: Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP, n.d.)
Direct quote with full name of section:
(Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion [ODPHP], n.d., Why is Global Health Important section, para. 1)
Government Agency as author, parent agency appears on page, shows "Page last reviewed" date (therefore, indicate publication date of n.d.)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Healthier holidays in 1 – 2 – 3! U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/features/stay-active/index.html
How to cite this work in-text, assume citing work more than once, so include acronym for subsequent cite:
Parenthetical: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d.)
Narrative: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, n.d.)
Direct quote with only abbreviated name of section:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d., "Plan Activities" section)
Direct quote including abbreviated section and paragraph number:
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d., "Plan Activities" section, para. 3)
Organization as author, no update year
Medscape. (n.d.). Ibuprofen. https://reference.medscape.com/drug/advil-motrin-ibuprofen-343289#0
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Medscape, n.d.)
Narrative: Medscape (n.d.)
Direct quote: (Medscape, n.d., Dose Modifications section, para. 1)
Milwaukee Public Museum. (n.d.). Ojibwe history. http://www.mpm.edu/plan-visit/educators/wirp/nations/ojibwe/history
How to cite this work in-text:
Parenthetical: (Milwaukee Public Museum, n.d.)
Narrative: Milwaukee Public Museum (n.d.)
Direct quote: (Milwaukee Public Museum, n.d., Contact with Europeans section, para. 1)
Note regarding citing an entire website source
When discussing an entire website (as opposed to a specific page on the website), an entry does not appear in the reference list, but is cited within text as shown in the following sample sentence:
The International Council of Museums web site provides many links to museums, codes of ethics, and the museum profession (https://icom.museum/en/).
Since webpages and documents are similar to print, references to them include the same elements such as author, date, title, publisher, etc.
Note that proper names, acronyms, and abbreviations are always capitalized.
New for 7th ed.
1. For date of publication, only provide full date if it appears within and pertains to the content.
Use "last updated" or "revised" date if it applies to content, and is not part of website footer (APA Manual, Section 9.13).
"Do not use a copyright date from a webpage or website footer" (APA Manual, Section 9.13).
Also, do not use "Page last reviewed" or date of last review, because content reviewed does not imply that the content was changed (APA Manual, Section 9.15).
As a result, some webpages references will not have a date, so indicate (n.d.).
2. Title of webpage is now italicized.
3. The phrases "Retrieved from" or "Access from" or the word "website" are no longer included in references. Instead, provide only the URL. (APA Manual, Section 9.35)
4. Date of retrieval is included ONLY when "citing an unarchived (i.e., not stable) work that is likely or meant to change" (APA Manual, Section 9.16).
Examples of works which are "inherently designed to change" include webpage versions of dictionaries/encyclopedias, Twitter, and Facebook. See examples in further sections of this Guide.
5. For government webpages authored by an agency, place agency name in the author position, and if a parent agency also appears then place that name in the publisher/site position. However, if the parent agency does not appear on the page, do not include it in the reference--even if it is known.
6. URLs are presented as hyperlinks beginning with either protocol of "http://" or "https://" (APA Manual, Section 9.35).
It is highly recommended researchers copy & paste the URL exactly as it appears, including the protocol. For example, do not convert protocol http:// to https:// as the source may not be designed as a secure website.
7. Utilize default display settings of word processing programs as either underlined in blue text, or plain text as the 6th ed. used. Also, links should be live if it is expected to be published or read online (APA Manual, Section 9.35).
Instructors often refer to this format as an "active link."
8. Do not worry about forcing a split of URLs between lines. In the 7th edition, it is acceptable to allow word processing software to automatically split the URL between multiple lines, or move the URL to begin on the next line (APA Manual, Section 9.35).
Recommendation: If the webpage is also available as an online document/report (for example in PDF), please download that report and provide that URL. Use the online report format examples on this Guide listed under the Reports sections, and cite in-text appropriately.
9. For direct quotation from a webpage, because source does not contain page numbers, there are multiple options for verbiage at the end of in-text citation:
section name followed by the word section
abbreviated section name within quotation marks with word section
para. followed by the paragraph number
section name followed by the word section, followed by para. and paragraph number
APA states to "use the approach that will best help readers find the quotation" [Manual, p. 273].